@article{Kenny_Werner Möller_2026, place={Fidenza (PR), Italy}, title={A Guyton-based hypothesis for venous congestion}, volume={18}, url={https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/theultrasoundjournal/article/view/19103}, DOI={10.5826/tuj.2026.19103}, abstractNote={
Despite much research and opinion, the underpinnings of venous congestion remain elusive. Many posit that elevated right atrial pressure (PRA) is the primum movens of venous congestion. However, a recent Geometrical model (GM) built from Guyton’s framework advances that PRA is a dependent variable. The GM predicts that: 1.) venous Doppler patterns do not reflect volume state or responsiveness; 2.) venous congestion is not caused by PRA and, in fact, may occur with a low or normal PRA; and 3.) that venous Doppler patterns correspond to transmural rather than absolute PRA. 
}, number={1}, journal={The Ultrasound Journal}, author={Kenny, Jon-Émile S. and Werner Möller, Per}, year={2026}, month={Jul.}, pages={19103} }