TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kenny, Jon-Émile S. 
AU  - Werner Möller, Per
TI  - A Guyton-based hypothesis for venous congestion
PY  - %2026/%07/%07
Y2  - %2026/%08/%27
JF  - The Ultrasound Journal
JA  - Ultrasound J
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SE  - TUJ Viewpoints
DO  - 10.5826/tuj.2026.19103
UR  - https://doi.org/10.5826/tuj.2026.19103
SP  - 19103
AB  - Despite much research and opinion, the underpinnings of venous congestion remain elusive. Many posit that elevated right atrial pressure (PRA) is the primum movens of venous congestion. However, a recent Geometrical model (GM) built from Guyton’s framework advances that PRA is a dependent variable. The GM predicts that: 1.) venous Doppler patterns do not reflect volume state or responsiveness; 2.) venous congestion is not caused by PRA and, in fact, may occur with a low or normal PRA; and 3.) that venous Doppler patterns correspond to transmural rather than absolute PRA. 
ER  -